Cosgrave, the most senior pro-Treatyite remaining. The pro-Treaty authorities introduced tough public safety legislation which gave military courts the power to execute persons found in possession of arms or aiding and abetting attacks on state forces.
The pro-Treaty party Cumann na nGaedheal was formed at the height of the Civil War to support the Cosgrave government in building the new state on the foundations of the Treaty settlement. On 17 November the first executions took place. Within 24 hours, the Free State retaliated by executing four prisoners as a reprisal. This was an act without any pretence of legality.
They were executed on the morning of 8 December. The war left wounds that were slow to heal. The end of hostilities did allow de Valera step out from the shadows of the anti-Treaty IRA as the politician best equipped to translate opposition to the Free State into a coherent political message.
Sinn Fein was reconstituted in as an anti-Treaty party. Eamon de Valera and most of his followers left it in to found Fianna Fail. The peaceful transfer of power from Civil War victor to Civil War vanquished in March — just nine years after the end of that conflict — was an act of great political maturity at a time when Europe was increasingly dominated by dictators.
However, political passions were aroused under the new government. Duties were placed on Irish bacon, butter, cream, eggs, live animals, poultry and other meats.
In truth, Cumann na nGaedheal had never succeeded in bringing the whole of the pro-Treaty vote under its wing. While commercial farmers saw their wealth dwindle, many small farmers were unaffected by the agricultural slump. Members actively participate in debating and developing policy on a range of issues which affect young people and their communities. We run a host of different political and social events throughout the year including the National Youth Conference and Markievicz Summer School, as well as many other regional and local events.
To highlight and campaign for the needs and issues that affect and interest young people. To promote opportunities for young people to participate in political debate and discussion. To ensure young people have a voice and a say on the issues which affect their futures. De Valera, in turn, levied British goods coming into Ireland. This state of affairs was to last until and is known as the Anglo- Irish Trade War.
His gamble paid off and he was returned to power with an overall majority. Besides the Presidency of the Executive de Valera also assumed the role of Minister of External Affairs, in which capacity he was to attend the League of Nations.
In he was honored by being appointed the 19th President of the Assembly of the League. In this, he was only partially successful as there were still many willing to keep on the fight for a 32 county republic. In order to bring unity to the country, de Valera retained those appointed by Cumainn na nGaedheal, in their position.
Gradually, all through the s, de Valera removed most of the Free State Constitution. There was a recognition of the concept of Roman Catholic Marriage excluding divorce and the declaration that Irish was the official language of the state and English as a second official language. Of course, this angered Protestants north and south and also the more militant republicans who wished to continue the struggle to end partition by military means.
The constitution was enacted in December and de Valera became Taoiseacht. In June the new president, Douglas Hyde entered the office.
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