Fatemeh Fatemifar. Feb , 2 : 10 pages. Published Online: December 5, Article history Received:. Issue Section:. Search ADS. Cardiomyopathy of the Aging Human Heart. Myocyte Loss and Reactive Cellular Hypertrophy. You do not currently have access to this content. View full article. Learn about subscription and purchase options.
Product added to cart. A view of the inside of a human left ventricle from above. Visible are the anterior papillary muscle, supporting the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, the trabeculae carneae and a conduction band.
A internal image of the human left ventricle taken from a superior position. The posterior papillary muscle can be seen as well as the chordae tendineae connecting it to the mitral valve. Canine The trabeculae carneae of the right and left ventricles in the canine heart are both fewer and coarser compared to those seen in the human heart 1. Notably, the right ventricle of the canine heart has more trabeculation compared to porcine and ovine hearts though 1.
However, the left ventricles of these three animals have similar trabeculation 1. A moderator band is present in the right ventricle as a free arching fibrous network that originates at the anterior papillary muscle or septal wall and inserts on the free walls of the right ventricle at multiple sites 1.
Within the right ventricle, canine hearts can have one or two anterior papillary muscles, one to three posterior papillary muscles and one to three or more septal papillary muscles 1. In the left ventricle, the canine heart has a single anterior papillary muscle and a single posterior papillary muscle. The right ventricle inflow tract is significantly shorter than in humans but is similar in length to ovine and porcine hearts 1. The right ventricular outflow tract is similar in length to those of human, porcine and ovine hearts.
The left ventricle inflow tract of the canine heart is significantly shorter than that of the human heart, but similar in length to swine and sheep 1. Likewise, the left ventricular outflow tract is significantly smaller than in humans but similar in length to swine and sheep. A plastinated canine heart cut coronally with the anterior half on the left and the posterior half on the right.
The canine heart trabeculae carneae can be seen which are coarser than those of humans. Compared to swine and sheep hearts, the right ventricle has greater trabeculation though the left has similar trabeculation compared to these other animals 1. The posterior half of a plastinated canine right ventricle is pictured here. Canine hearts have one or two anterior papillary muscles, one to three posterior papillary muscles and one to three septal papillary muscles supporting the tricuspid valve 1.
This particular heart contains one of each papillary muscle. The septal and posterior papillary muscles are visible here. The anterior half of a plastinated canine right ventricle can be seen here. The anterior papillary muscle is visible here as well as the moderator band, originating on the anterior papillary muscle and inserting at multiple points on the free wall. A internal picture of a canine right ventricle taken with the camera in the right atrium looking inferiorly.
Canine hearts have one or two anterior papillary muscles, one to three posterior papillary muscles and one to three septal papillary muscles 1. This particular heart has a single septal papillary muscle, one anterior papillary muscle and two posterior papillary muscles. The trabeculae carneae of a canine heart are pictured here. The trabeculae of canines are fewer and courser compared to humans but are more abundant in the right ventricle compared to ovine and swine hearts 1.
The posterior half of a plastinated canine left ventricle is pictured here. There is one anterior and one posterior papillary muscle in the left ventricle of canines 1.
The posterior papillary muscle, supporting the mitral valve, and the trabeculae carneae are also visible. Compared to humans, the trabeculae of canines are fewer and courser 1. The anterior half of a plastinated canine left ventricle is pictured here. The anterior papillary muscle supporting the mitral valve is visible as well as the trabeculae. A internal view of a canine left ventricle with the camera positioned in the left atrium looking inferiorly. Both papillary muscles are visible here as well as the trabeculae carneae which are fewer and coarser compared to humans 1.
A closer look at the left ventricular apex of a canine heart. The trabeculeae of dogs, like sheep and pigs, are courser compared to those in human hearts. The septomarginal trabecula forms the anteroinferior border between the superior, smooth outflow tract of the ventricle and the trabeculated inflow tract. What is the purpose of the chordae Tendineae?
The chordae tendineae are a group of tough, tendinous strands in the heart. Functionally, the chordae tendineae play a vital role in holding the atrioventricular valves in place while the heart is pumping blood. What type of muscle is papillary muscle? Papillary muscle: A small muscle within the heart that anchors the heart valves. The anchor ropes are the chordae tendineae, thread-like bands of fibrous tissue that attach on one end to the edges of the tricuspid and mitral valves of the heart and on the other end to the papillary muscles.
What is the myocardium? Myocardium is the muscular middle layer of the wall of the heart. It is composed of spontaneously contracting cardiac muscle fibers which allow the heart to contract.
Heart contraction is an autonomic involuntary function of the peripheral nervous system. What do the papillary muscles look like? The papillary muscles are "nipple" like projections of the myocardia and contract when the myocardia contracts. As a result, they pull on the chordae tendinae and help to prevent prolapsing of the AV valves. The chordae tendinae and the papillary muscles occur in both the left and right ventricles. What are the consequences of a malfunctioning papillary muscle?
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