Resistivity measurements can be correlated to formation lithology, porosity, permeability, and saturation and are very useful in formation evaluation. Seldom used in open hole, but frequently used in workover operations.
Also called tear down. The rod string serves as a mechanical link from the beam pumping unit on the surface to the sucker rod pump near the bottom of the well. Transmission roller chain consists of offset links, pin links, and roller links. Modern rotary machines have a special component, the rotary or master bushing, to turn the kelly bushing, which permits vertical movement of the kelly while the stem is turning.
The bit is fastened to and rotated by the drill stem, which also provides a passageway through which the drilling fluid is circulated. Additional joints of drill pipe are added as drilling progresses. Sometimes called floorhand, floorman, rig crew member, or roughneck. It is a steel-reinforced, flexible hose that is installed between the standpipe and the swivel or top drive.
Although a conventional rotary table is not required to rotate the bit on such rigs, crew members must still have a place to set the slips to suspend the drill string in the hole when tripping or making a connection.
A rotary support table provides such a place but does not include all the rotary machinery required in a regular rotary table. It has a beveled gear arrangement to create the rotational motion and an opening into which bushings are fitted to drive and support the drilling assembly. Also called tripping. Also called to run pipe. Also called to run casing.
A large valve, usually installed above the ram preventers, that forms a seal in the annular space between the pipe and well bore. If no pipe is present, it forms a seal on the well bore itself. See blowout preventer. The space around a pipe in a well bore, the outer wall of which may be the wall of either the bore hole or the casing; sometimes termed the annular space.
One or more valves installed at the wellhead to prevent the escape of pressure either in the annular space between the casing and the drill pipe or in open hole for example, hole with no drill pipe during drilling or completion operations.
See annular blowout preventer and ram blowout preventer. A blowout preventer that uses rams to seal off pressure on a hole that is with or without pipe. A heavy, flanged steel fitting connected to the first string of casing. It provides a housing for slips and packing assemblies, allows suspension of intermediate and production strings of casing, and supplies the means for the annulus to be sealed off. Also called a spool. A spool-shaped attachment on a winch around which rope for hoisting and pulling is wound.
The ramp at the side of the drilling rig where pipe is laid to be lifted to the derrick floor by the catline or by an air hoist. A pit in the ground to provide additional height between the rig floor and the well head to accommodate the installation of blowout preventers, ratholes, mouseholes, and so forth. It also collects drainage water and other fluids for disposal. The arrangement of piping and special valves, called chokes, through which drilling mud is circulated when the blowout preventers are closed to control the pressures encountered during a kick.
The largest diameter casing and the topmost length of casing. It is relatively short and encases the topmost string of casing. An assembly of sheaves or pulleys mounted on beams at the top of the derrick. The drilling line is run over the sheaves down to the hoisting drum. The equipment used to remove unwanted gas from a liquid, especially from drilling fluid. A centrifugal device for removing sand from drilling fluid to prevent abrasion of the pumps.
It may be operated mechanically or by a fast-moving stream of fluid inside a special cone-shaped vessel, in which case it is sometimes called a hydrocyclone. A centrifugal device, similar to a desander, used to remove very fine particles, or silt, from drilling fluid. This keeps the amount of solids in the fluid to the lowest possible level. A small enclosure on the rig floor used as an office for the driller or as a storehouse for small objects. Also, any small building used as an office or for storage.
The hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a large winch that spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the drill stem and bit.
The cutting or boring element used in drilling oil and gas wells. Most bits used in rotary drilling are roller-cone bits. The bit consists of the cutting elements and the circulating element. The circulating element permits the passage of drilling fluid and uses the hydraulic force of the fluid stream to improve drilling rates.
A heavy, thick-walled tube, usually steel, used between the drill pipe and the bit in the drill stem. It is used to put weight on the bit so that the bit can drill. The heavy seamless tubing used to rotate the bit and circulate the drilling fluid. Joints of pipe 30 feet long are coupled together with tool joints.
The control panel, located on the platform, where the driller controls drilling operations. A wire rope hoisting line, reeved on sheaves of the crown block and traveling block in effect a block and tackle. Its primary purpose is to hoist or lower drill pipe or casing from or into a well.
Also, a wire rope used to support the drilling tools. Supports the heavy electrical cables that feed the power from the control panel to the rig motors.
On diesel electric rigs, powerful diesel engines drive large electric generators. The generators produce electricity that flows through cables to electric switches and control equipment enclosed in a control cabinet or panel. Electricity is fed to electric motors via the panel. A set of clamps that grips a stand, or column, of casing, tubing, drill pipe, or sucker rods, so the stand can be raised or lowered into the hole.
A wire rope used in hoisting operations. Must conform to the API standards for its intended uses. A large, hook-shaped device from which the elevator bails or the swivel is suspended. It is designed to carry maximum loads ranging from to tons and turns on bearings in its supporting housing.
The heavy square or hexagonal steel member suspended from the swivel through the rotary table. It is connected to the topmost joint of drill pipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns. A device fitted to the rotary table through which the kelly passes. It is the means by which the torque of the rotary table is transmitted to the kelly and to the drill stem. Also called the drive bushing. A portable derrick capable of being erected as a unit, as distinguished from a standard derrick, which cannot be raised to a working position as a unit.
The derrickman's working platform. Double board, tribble board, fourable board; a monkey board located at a height in the derrick or mast equal to two, three, or four lengths of pipe respectively. Shallow bores under the rig floor, usually lined with pipe, in which joints of drill pipe are temporarily suspended for later connection to the drill string. A device that removes gas from the mud coming out of a well when a kick is being circulated out.
A series of open tanks, usually made of steel plates, through which the drilling mud is cycled to allow sand and sediments to settle out. Additives are mixed with the mud in the pit, and the fluid is temporarily stored there before being pumped back into the well.
Mud pit compartments are also called shaker pits, settling pits, and suction pits, depending on their main purpose. A large reciprocating pump used to circulate the mud drilling fluid on a drilling rig. A trough or pipe, placed between the surface connections at the well bore and the shale shaker.
Drilling mud flows through it upon its return to the surface from the hole. An angled ramp for dragging drill pipe up to the drilling platform or bringing pipe down off the drill platform. Once the rig crew is ready, the driller stops the rotary, picks up off bottom to expose a threaded connection below the kelly and turns the pumps off.
The crew sets the slips to grip the drillstring temporarily, unscrews that threaded connection and screws the kelly or topdrive into the additional joint or stand of pipe. The driller picks that joint or stand up to allow the crew to screw the bottom of that pipe into the top of the temporarily hanging drillstring. The driller then picks up the entire drillstring to remove the slips, carefully lowers the drillstring while starting the pumps and rotary, and resumes drilling when the bit touches bottom.
A skilled rig crew can physically accomplish all of those steps in a minute or two. See: joint , kelly , mousehole , slips , stand , top drive. Premium content requires special account permissions. We need a little more information from you before we can grant you access.
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